<style type="text/css"> .reveal p { text-align: left; } .reveal ul { display: block; } .reveal ol { display: block; } </style> ```text __ __ _ _ _ | \/ | ___ __| | ___ _ __ _ __ | (_)_ __ _ ___ __ | |\/| |/ _ \ / _` |/ _ \ '__| '_ \ | | | '_ \| | | \ \/ / | | | | (_) | (_| | __/ | | | | | | | | | | | |_| |> < |_| |_|\___/ \__,_|\___|_| |_| |_| |_|_|_| |_|\__,_/_/\_\ _ _ _ _ ___| (_) | |_ ___ ___ | |___ / __| | | | __/ _ \ / _ \| / __| | (__| | | | || (_) | (_) | \__ \ \___|_|_| \__\___/ \___/|_|___/ ``` <!-- --- ## "modern" is relative... **Douglas Adams** I've come up with a set of rules that describe our reactions to technologies: > 1. Anything that is in the world **when you're born** is normal and ordinary and is just a natural part of the way the world works. > > 2. Anything that's invented **between when you're fifteen and thirty-five** is new and exciting and revolutionary and you can probably get a career in it. > > 3. Anything invented **after you're thirty-five** is against the natural order of things. --> --- ## Target audience - linux desktop CLI users - linux admins ```text __________________________________________ / This is the year of linux on the desktop \ | | | ...Windows10 has WSL ;-) | \ / ------------------------------------------ \ ^__^ \ (oo)\_______ (__)\ )\/\ ||----w | || || ``` --- ## Linux tooling philosophy - **do one thing (and only one thing!) well** - **chaining** - _sound familiar? (hint: functional programming...)_ --- ## Why? Improvements to... - **productivity** - **optics** - "unix porn" (`PS1`, `ls`, ...) --- ## Learn the basics - `emacs` and `vim` - learn navigation, copy & paste, (and how to exit 👍) - pick one and become fluent - `cd`, `ls`, `cat`, `less`, `find`, `grep`, `sed`, `tail`, `awk`, `dd`, `rsync`, ... - Combine using pipes ( `|` ) and redirection ( `>` ) --- ## terminals and shells ### What is the difference between **terminal** and **shell**? ```text +--------------------+ | "terminal" | +--------------------+ | | | +--------------+ | | | | | | | "shell" | | | | | | | +--------------+ | | | +--------------------+ ``` -- ## terminals and shells ### terminal - **colors** (16 or more), **fonts** (utf8, ligatures, ...) - **interactions** - keyboard shortcuts - mouse interaction (copy & paste, scrolling, selection, ...) ### shell - **everything else** (f.ex. **`PS1`**, scripting language) -- ## terminal ### What is the best terminal? - use your default ### Unicode, Emojis, Fonts, Image support (!) - but think about enriching your output! - Emojis: 👍 ✅ 💥 ✌ 💩 💬 🌩 🌟 --- ## shell - bash - zsh - fish - dash (embedded) -- ### shell / zsh - https://www.zsh.org/ - package manager - oh-my-zsh (151k stars) https://ohmyz.sh - category: shell -- ### shell / fish: The new kid on the block - https://fishshell.com - package manager - fisher (6.1k stars) https://github.com/jorgebucaran/fisher - oh-my-fish (8.8k stars) https://github.com/oh-my-fish/oh-my-fish - category: shell -- ### shell / bash - https://www.gnu.org/software/bash/ - package manager - bash-it (13.2k stars) https://github.com/Bash-it/bash-it - oh-my-bash (3.5k stars) https://ohmybash.github.io - category: shell --- ### shell / PS1 PS1: alias for "prompt" - default: `username:/some/location$` - `$PWD` present working directory Extra, nice-to-have information - only show relevant parts (hide user/machine name on local machine) - compact location ( $PWD ) - git status - environment infos (node / .NET / Java / Python / etc version) -- ### shell / PS1: liquidprompt simple prompt - 4.2k stars https://github.com/nojhan/liquidprompt - shortens `$PWD` - adds git status - available for `zsh`, `bash`, etc - category: unix-porn -- ### shell / PS1: Powerline started as fancy statusline for vim … - 11k stars https://github.com/powerline/powerline - started as fancy statusline for `vim`... - shortens `$PWD` - adds git status - available for `zsh`, `bash`, etc - category: unix-porn -- ### shell / PS1: Starship the new kid on the block - 16k stars https://github.com/starship/starship - cross-plattform, cross-shell - stylish - great defaults for many environments - easy to [configure](https://starship.rs/config/) - category: unix-porn --- # [Command-Line Operators and What They Do](https://www.makeuseof.com/linux-command-line-chaining-operators/) -- ## Ampersand Operator (&) ```bash $ sleep 5 & [1] 301161 ``` - command is executed in the background - shell is freed -- ## Semicolon Operator (;) ```bash $ pwd; mkdir /tmp/test; cd /tmp/test; touch foo; readlink -f foo /tmp /tmp/test/foo ``` - chaining execute commands in a defined, sequential order - independend from exit code -- ## OR Operator (||) ```bash $ false || uptime 11:21:53 up 20 days, 2:30, 1 user, load average: 0,36, 0,35, 0,46 ``` - following command only executed if preceding command fails (exit 0) -- ## Pipe Operator (|) ```bash $ lspci | grep -E "(Network|Ethernet)" 00:14.3 Network controller: Intel Corporation Comet Lake PCH-LP CNVi WiFi 00:1f.6 Ethernet controller: Intel Corporation Ethernet Connection (10) I219-V ``` - directs output of preceding command as input to succeeding command -- ## AND Operator (&&) ```bash $ pwd && mkdir /tmp/test && cd /tmp/test && touch foo && readlink -f foo /tmp/test mkdir: cannot create directory '/tmp/test': File exists $ pwd && mkdir -p /tmp/test && cd /tmp/test && touch foo && readlink -f foo /tmp/test /tmp/test/foo ``` - following command only executed if preceding command was successfully executed (exit 1) -- ## NOT Operator (!) ```bash $ ls !(*.txt) foo ``` - works similar to except statement in programming -- ## Precedence Operator ((..)) ```bash $ (true && false) && (false || true) || echo "Did exit with false" Did exit with false ``` - used for grouping and precedence of the execution sequence - inside parentheses, starts [subshell](https://tldp.org/LDP/abs/html/subshells.html#SUBSHELLSREF) -- ## Combination Operator ({..}) ```bash $ [ -f hello.txt ] && echo "file exists" ; echo "hello" hello $ [ -f hello.txt ] && { echo "file exists" ; echo "hello"; } ``` - commands are run (or not run) as a whole -- ## Concatenation or the Escape Operator (\\) ```bash $ echo "Hello! from the\ > other side" Hello! from theother side $ touch test\(1\).txt $ ls test\(1\).txt 'test(1).txt' ``` - concatenate large commands over several lines - escape character when working with strings -- ## Redirection Operators (>, >>, <) ```bash $ echo "dsd" > test; echo "bssss" >> test; cat test dsd bssss $ sort < test bssss dsd $ echo "blah" > test; cat test blah ``` - redirect [stdout](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_streams#Standard_output_(stdout)) or [stdin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_streams#Standard_input_(stdin)) - Use `2>` to handle [sterr](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_streams#Standard_error_(stderr)) -- ## References - [10 Linux Command-Line Operators and What They Do](https://www.makeuseof.com/linux-command-line-chaining-operators/) - [Chaining Commands in Linux](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/chaining-commands-in-linux/) - [Basics on bash operators](https://lumian2015.github.io/MoreOnLinux/chapter1.html) - [10 Useful Chaining Operators in Linux with Practical Examples](https://www.tecmint.com/chaining-operators-in-linux-with-practical-examples/) - [6 Bash Shell Command Line Chaining Operators in Linux](https://www.thegeekdiary.com/6-bash-shell-command-line-chaining-operators-in-linux/) --- # Tools ## You where waiting for -- ## tldr - 41k stars https://tldr.sh/ - man pages can be difficult - tldr: implemented in many languages (js, ruby, python, perl, haskell, etc) - Demo: `ln`, `tar`, `scp` -- ## McFly - 4.5 stars https://github.com/cantino/mcfly - category: history search > McFly replaces your default `Ctrl R` shell history search with an intelligent search engine that takes into account your working directory and the context of recently executed commands. McFly’s suggestions are prioritized in real time with a small neural network -- ## thefuck fix common typos / mistakes - 51k stars https://github.com/nvbn/thefuck - example: pushing a newly created git branch - category: productivity -- ### The GNU Midnight Commander [mc](http://midnight-commander.org/) is a visual shell much like a file manager, only with many more features - text mode application, but it also includes mouse support - best [features](https://www.uibk.ac.at/th-physik/howto/mc.html) are its ability to FTP, view tar and zip files, and to poke into tar, ar, deb, zip, cpio, lha and rar for specific files -- ## bat `cat` & `less` with syntax highlighting - 37.6k stars https://github.com/sharkdp/bat _bat looks good on a dark background by default. However, if your terminal uses a light background, some themes like GitHub or OneHalfLight will work better for you._ - category: read / file display -- ## ripgrep very fast `grep` replacement <!-- (benchmarks on website) --> - 33.7k stars https://github.com/BurntSushi/ripgrep - `ripgrep` recursively searches directories for a regex pattern - sensible defaults: respect `.gitignore`, ignores hidden files & folders - command: `rg` - use `rg hidden g '!.git' "your search"` to search all hidden folder except .git - category: search -- ## ripgrep-all ripgrep, but also search in PDFs, E-Books, Office documents, zip, tar.gz, sqlite (!), etc - 5k stars https://github.com/phiresky/ripgrep-all - command: `rga` - faster than `pdfgrep` (see website for a benchmark) - category: search - Demo: search in Manning books folder <!-- cd ~/Dropbox/Apps/Manning\ Books/ rga Vladimir --> -- ## fzf interactive fuzzy search - 47.5k stars https://github.com/junegunn/fzf - pipe any line based input to fzf: Example `find * -type f | fzf` - good integration with other tools - nice helper methods for - files & directories `cd **<TAB>` - kill `kill -9 <TAB>` - host names `ssh **<TAB>` - environment variables & aliases `unset **<TAB>`, `export **<TAB>`, `unalias **<TAB>` - category: search - Demos: - find files and select them - search a text file <!-- cd ~/exercism ## `fzf -m` multiselect ## select files with Shift+TAB ## search for "bob" find * -type f | fzf -m cd . search for "linux" cat slides.md | fzf --> -- ## fd - 24.9k stars https://github.com/sharkdp/fd simple alternative to `find` - "The command name is 50% shorter than `find`" - Convenient syntax `fd PATTERN` (instead of `find -iname '*PATTERN*'`) - Sensible defaults: `.gitignore`, ignore hidden files/folders - fast - category: search <!-- # Demo - TODO --> -- ## hyperfine benchmarking tool - 13.1k stars https://github.com/sharkdp/hyperfine ```bash # comparing `fd` with `find` # ubuntu uses `fdfind` by default hyperfine --warmup 3 'fdfind -HI '.*[0-9]\.jpg$'' 'find ~ -iregex '.*[0-9]\.jpg'' # arch hyperfine --warmup 3 'fd -HI '.*[0-9]\.jpg$' Documents/talks' 'find Documents/talks -iregex '.*[0-9]\.jpg$'' # unfair comparison: `fd` ignores hidden files and `.git` be default hyperfine --warmup 3 'fd '.*[0-9]\.jpg$' Documents/talks' 'find Documents/talks -iregex '.*[0-9]\.jpg$'' ``` <!-- HYPERFINE_VERSION=$(curl -s "https://api.github.com/repos/sharkdp/hyperfine/releases/latest" | grep -Po '"tag_name": "v\K[0-9.]+') curl -Lso /tmp/hyperfine.deb "https://github.com/sharkdp/hyperfine/releases/latest/download/hyperfine_${HYPERFINE_VERSION}_amd64.deb" sudo apt install -y /tmp/hyperfine.deb --> - category: benchmarking -- ## progress monitor any kind of "copy" - 5.8k stars https://github.com/Xfennec/progress - attach to any kind of copy - category: monitoring ```sh No command currently running: cp, mv, dd, tar, cat, rsync, grep, fgrep, egrep, cut, sort, md5sum, sha1sum, sha224sum, sha256sum, sha384sum, sha512sum, adb, gzip, gunzip, bzip2, bunzip2, xz, unxz, lzma, unlzma, 7z, 7za, zcat, bzcat, lzcat, split, gpg, or wrong permissions. ``` - Demo: - `~/tmp/demo/origin/` contains very large file - tmux split screen `~/tmp/demo/` - copy from `~/tmp/demo/origin/*` to `~/tmp/demo/destination/` using `cp`. - `watch progress` -- ## Ultimate Plumber (up) interactive REPL (read–eval–print loop) for shell piping - 7.8k stars https://github.com/akavel/up - interactive piping - instant live preview - category: search, file manipulation, interactive - Demo: images/up-demo.gif <!-- curl -Lso ~/bin/up "https://github.com/akavel/up/releases/latest/download/up" && chmod +x ~/bin/up --> -- ## lolcat Rainbows and unicorns - 5.2k stars https://github.com/busyloop/lolcat - category: fun, unix porn -- ## ttyd - 4.4 stars https://tsl0922.github.io/ttyd/ ```text _ ._ _ , _ ._ (_ ' ( ` )_ .__) ( ( ( ) `) ) _) (__ (_ (_ . _) _) ,__) `~~`\ ' . /`~~` ,::: ; ; :::, ':::::::::::::::' ______________/_ __ \_____________ | | | ttyd | | share your terminal over the web | |__________________________________| ``` - category: network, dangerous <!-- echo -e "ttyd\nshare your terminal over the web" | boxes -d nuke -a c --> -- ## sl typo `sl` (instead of `ls`) -> show steam locomotive - 2.5k stars https://github.com/mtoyoda/sl - category: fun, unix porn -- ## patat - 1.9k stars https://github.com/jaspervdj/patat - nerdy slides in your shell - runs in a terminal (similar to `revealJs` for the browser) - Pandoc syntax (f. ex. markdown) - syntax highlighting ```javascript let foo = "bar"; ``` <!-- - emojis: :thumbsup:, :white_check_mark:, :ballot_box_with_check:, :collision: --> - next slide: experimental image support in some terminals (same as for `ranger`) - `iterm2`, `urxvt`, `kitty` - category: presentation, slides, unix porn -- ## ls on steroids `ls` problem: sort by name and time at the same time... **Use colors!** - `colorls` ("the original" in ruby: https://github.com/athityakumar/colorls) - `lsd` (in rust: https://github.com/Peltoche/lsd) - `exa` (in rust: https://github.com/ogham/exa) Required: font providing all symbols - Example: NerdFonts https://github.com/ryanoasis/nerd-fonts -- ## ncdu - https://dev.yorhel.nl/ncdu - interactive `df` alternative --- # Making Connections ## [the serial way](https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/working_with_the_serial_console#Making_Connections) -- ## terminal ``` $ picocom -b 115200 /dev/ttyUSB0 $ screen /dev/ttyUSB0 115200 $ minicom -s -D /dev/ttyUSB0 ``` [More serial p0rn](https://vmandela.com/blog/2019/2019-05-28-serial-port-tools.html) -- ## grafical - cutecom - moserial - PuTTY -- ## Windows - [PuTTY](https://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~sgtatham/putty/download.html) - [Terminalbpp](https://sites.google.com/site/terminalbpp/) --- ## monitoring - htop - apachetop - ngxtop - mtp - pg_top - powertop - iotop - iftop - nethogs --- ## Some more tools - mosh (robust replacement for ssh) https://mosh.org/ - neofetch (fancy system info in the shell) 7.7k stars https://github.com/dylanaraps/neofetch - expect https://likegeeks.com/expect-command/ - jq (sed for json) https://stedolan.github.io/jq/ - httpie (cli http client) 45k stars https://httpie.org/ - http-prompt (cli http client) 7.6k stars http://http-prompt.com/ - pywal (color schemes for terminal) 3.4k stars https://github.com/dylanaraps/pywal - fish_config (web-based configuration tool for fish shell) https://fishshell.com/docs/current/commands.html#fish_config - xclip (cli to X clipboard) 403 stars https://github.com/astrand/xclip - apt-iselect (interactive ncurses package search for debian) https://www.rot13.org/~dpavlin/apt-iselect.html - gcalcli (google calender in the shell) 2k stars https://github.com/insanum/gcalcli - pastebinit (cli tool to send data to pastebin) 17 stars https://github.com/skorokithakis/pastebinit - MapSCII (ascii google maps in the terminal) https://github.com/rastapasta/mapscii - alwaysontop (always move prompt to top of screen) 160 stars https://github.com/swirepe/alwaysontop <!-- echo -e "did I miss your favorite tool?" | boxes -d girl -a c --> --- ## Usefull online resources - [crontab guru - The quick and simple editor for cron schedule expressions](https://crontab.guru/) - [Shell Script Best Practices](https://sharats.me/posts/shell-script-best-practices/) - [Bash Beginner Series](https://linuxhandbook.com/tag/bash-beginner/) --- # Bonus: CLI murder mystery - 3.8k stars https://github.com/veltman/clmystery - CLI murder mystery